As expected, Washington received the maximum of 132 electoral votes and was therefore reelected as president. In addition to defining the actual powers of the office, Washington also needed to show the new nation how the leader of a democracy should behave socially. Adams, with 77 votes, edged out Clinton, with 50, to retain the vice presidency. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 candidates, including John Jay, who finished third with nine electoral votes. George Washington's copy of the Acts passed at a Congress of the United States of America (New-York, 1789) contains key founding documents establishing the Union: the Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and a record of acts passed by the first Congress. After a private meeting at Mount Vernon, Madison prepared a drastically more concise address whichleft more open to Congress's discretion. During a presidential election year, on Election Day (the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November), the electors from the party that gets the most popular votes are elected in a winner-take-all-system, with the exception of Maine and Nebraska, which allocate electors proportionally. On November 5, 1940, President Franklin D. Roosevelt won a third term in officean unprecedented act that would be barred by a constitutional amendment a decade later. Three states were ineligible to participate in the election: New York's legislature did not choose electors on time, and North Carolina and Rhode Island had not ratified the constitution yet. On Feb. 4, 1789, electors convened in 10 states to cast their ballots. 1820 Presidential Election. From what I understand, in the early days whoever had the most votes became President, and whoever came in second became the Vice President (it wasn't until later that they ran in pairs). 2023 Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Armonk, NY: Sharpe Reference, 2003. Federalists attacked Clinton for his past association with the anti-Federalists. The Washington Library is open to all researchers and scholars, by appointment only. However, some advisers and fellow statesmen argued that the volatile political . 2023 Mount Vernon Ladies Association. Historian Edward J. Larsen discusses Washington's first inauguration in this video from Mount Vernon on Vimeo. On the evening of January 7, 1955, the curtain at the Metropolitan Opera in New York rises to reveal Marian Anderson, the first African American to perform with the Met. They find this improbable because Armstrong of Pennsylvania was not nationally famoushis public service to that date consisted of being a medical officer during the American Revolution and, at most, a single year as a Pennsylvania judge. John Adams and George Clinton both played a part in each election. Answer (1 of 5): At the founding of the Republic, it was not expected that anyone would run for President. Print. A month later, on February 4,George Washington was elected president by state electors and sworn into office on April 30, 1789. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. We don't accept government funding and rely upon private contributions to help preserve George Washington's home and legacy. Almost seven years later, there is still no evidence. N.p. Please select which sections you would like to print: John M. Cunningham graduated from Kalamazoo College in 2000 with a B.A. The result is interesting, considering Clintons poor showing in the first presidential election. President before election. Of the 69 participating electors, each cast one vote for Washington, who was elected president. The results of the 1789 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. John Jay was similar to John Adams regarding his influence in politics and foreign affairs. Upon hearing the news of his decisive election, Washington set out from Mount Vernon to take his place in presidential history. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. America's first presidential election is held. Your email address will not be published. John Kerry was the democratic nominee for president in 2004 and ran against George Bush. Michaelsen, William B. Five candidates split the remaining seven votes. United States presidential election of 1792, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. When Washington, in his Farewell Address, published in September 1796, announced his intention to . Our Digital Encyclopedia has all of the answers students and teachers need. Adams as the second-place finisher was elected vice president, serving until his election to the presidency in 1797; each of his three rivals would go on to serve as vice president in turn, Jefferson from 1797 to 1801 (when he alike succeeded to the presidency), Burr from 1801 to 1805, and Clinton from 1805 until his death in 1812. Roosevelt's decision to break the precedent set by George Washington was made in July 1940, as the United States neared its entry into World War II. Dinkin, Robert J. The United States presidential election of 1789 was the first presidential election in the United States of America. After he agreed to come out of retirement, he was elected with ease unanimously; Washington did not select a running mate as that concept was not yet developed. in English. His persistence and devotion to his men and his perpetual mindfulness of the ideals for which they were fighting won him the respect and loyalty of many. Aware that he would be closely scrutinized, Washington self-consciously chose clothing and household furnishings that would convey a particular message about his style and character. The Mount Vernon Ladies Association has been maintaining the Mount Vernon Estate since they acquired it from the Washington family in 1858. In both the election of 1789 and 1792 Washington received all votes from the Electoral College. Discover the Home of George and Martha Washington, The Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington. North Carolina and Rhode Island were unable to participate because they had not yet ratified the Constitution. Two other candidates won the five remaining electoral votes. The other six chose electors through some form involving a popular vote, though in only two states did the choice depend directly on a statewide vote. George Washington, as the first president, was well aware of the great responsibility of defining the American presidency. Regional and partisan divisions were evident in the vote distribution. He formed the Democratic-Republican Party along with Anti-Federalist Thomas Jefferson in 1792. But Washington himself did absolutely no public campaigning, and even cast doubt on whether he would take the job if elected. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. (a) Only 6 of the 10 states casting electoral votes chose electors by any form of the popular vote. Thomas Jefferson resigned his post as Secretary of State in 1792, while James Madison organized an anti-administration front in the Congress. The vote totals of Kentucky and Virginia appear to be lost. The next highest total was that of Founding Father, He was also one of the anonymous writers responsible for the, He received the congressional notification about his win on April 16th before taking part in the first-ever, Washingtons Election for the Second Presidential Term. He worked at Britannica from 2004 to 2018. Madison was at first a Federalist until he opposed the establishment of Hamilton's First Bank of the United States in 1791. For example, Hamilton aimed to ensure that Adams did not inadvertently tie Washington in the electoral vote. Of the 72 electors, all but three cast their ballots (electors voted for two candidates). Washington was both an obvious first choice for president and possibly the only truly viable choice. "The First Elections Under The Constitution." Washington, who remained immensely popular throughout the United States, thus eventually agreed to run for reelection in 1792. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). For example, in Massachusetts and Connecticut, the Congregational Church was established, supported by taxes. New York, however, failed to field a slate of electors. Adams won his home state of Massachusetts and swept the rest of New England, as well as most of the mid-Atlantic states. Web. He was both a national hero and the favorite son of Virginia, the largest state at the time. The second presidential election represented and reflected the democratic idea that presidential elections every four years would be a regular and frequent feature of American politics. Washington considered retirement after one term, preferring a return to the quiet comfort of Mount Vernon. With 69 electoral votes, Washington won the support of each participating elector. Anti-Federalist leaders such as Patrick Henry, who did not run, and George Clinton, who had opposed ratification of the Constitution, also represented potential choices. After the war, he becamefirmly established in New Yorks small artistic community. While no effort was made to unseat Washington as president, Anti-Federalists, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, mounted a campaign during the year to replace the Federalist Vice Pres. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2000. United States presidential election of 1789, American presidential election held on Feb. 4, 1789, in which George Washington was unanimously chosen as the first president of the United States by electors from 10 of the 13 extant states. The 1792 United States presidential election was the second quadrennial presidential election. In an interview for a new book that spanned reflections on his "two presidencies" and January 6, former President Donald Trump bragged he could probably beat George Washington and Abraham. Bowling, Kenneth R., and Donald R. Kennon. Members of the U.S. Congress, though, cant be electors. Aaron Burr, New Yorks attorney general, was briefly considered as a Republican candidate as well but ultimately ceded to Clinton. The remaining 35 electoral votes were split among 10 different candidates, including John Jay, who finished second with nine electoral votes. The Khmer Rouge, organized by Pol Pot in the Cambodian jungle in the 1960s, advocated a radical Communist revolution that would wipe out read more, You know Dasher and Dancer and Prancer and Vixen because of the 1823 poem A Visit From St. Nicholas (aka Twas the Night Before Christmas), but your knowledge of Rudolphthe most famous reindeer of allcomes courtesy of a department store copywriter named Robert L. May, Mays read more, On January 7, 1999, the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton, formally charged with lying under oath and obstructing justice, begins in the Senate. The candidate with the second most votes in the Electoral College, whether a majority or a plurality, was elected vice president. Limited, primitive political campaigning occurred in states and localities where swaying public opinion might matter. Source: United States Office of the Federal Register. pp. States had varying methods for choosing presidential electors. Indeed, the incumbent president enjoyed bipartisan support and received one vote from every elector. Open 365 days a year, Mount Vernon is located just 15 miles south of Washington DC. In most states, the congressional elections were recognized in some sense as a "struggle between the Treasury department and the republican interest," to use the words of Jefferson strategist John Beckley. Adams won 77 electoral votes, enough to win re-election. The Life of the Parties: A History of American Political Parties. He made the comments to Washington Post journalists in an . John Adams, who would later become President Adams, was the clear runner-up in this race, with 34 of the 64 electors casting their second vote for him. Her father found a note on the floor asking for a $20,000 ransom. "Presidential Difference in the Early Republic: The Highly Disparate Leadership Styles of Washington, Adams, and Jefferson," Presidential Studies Quarterly 36, no. All Rights Reserved. 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