a. d. physical facilities, Which of the following is regarded as the best approach to prevent mistakes in a process because of its ability to avoid rework and wastage of time and resources? b. autonomation and kanban. B) Just-in-time (JIT). The materials supplied by a certified supplier do not require manufacturers to conduct routine testing on all the lots supplied. 30 Q Both statements are false b. . d. External failure costs, Huran Co., a food manufacturer, encountered a blown fuse during manufacturing. d. It prescribes documentation for all processes affecting quality. a. customer errors in preparation. Quality means conformance to requirements. It focuses on small, gradual, and frequent improvements. c. Failure to understand and minimize gaps presents the risk of losing customer loyalty. The rolling budget 2) Total costs will be lower for the regular size operation. $2,512 Beginning finished goods inventory He stated that to get top management's attention, quality issues must be cast in the language of money. To practice all areas of Total Quality Management, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers. This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on "Quality Statements". Identifying potential defects and errors and stopping a process before they occur is the best approach to avoid mistakes in a process. c. They require lesser attention from the employees compared to value-creation processes. c. mapping The impact of other process on a particular process must be considered while designing the process, as processes rarely operate in isolation. c. They test the accuracy of the processes used in the marketing management. a. control chart b. histogram 1) Inventory holding cost will increase non-linearly with inventory. __________________ calls for establishing cost reduction targets for products or services that an organization is currently providing to customers. b. a) Process driven Which of the following activities is an example of a value-added activity? Statement (2) is true and statement (1) i A system containing a large number of cost pools will not tend to exhibit substantial cost accuracy over a system containing seven to ten cost pools. Question: Which of the following statements is true about kaizen? Quality is fitness for use. The current account plus the capital account. d. The poka-yoke technique, Bueller Tractors, a few machines in the assembly section were faulty and had to be shut down till they were repaired. 5. a. confirming the key variables and quantifying their effects on the critical-to-quality characteristics. b. All of the following are typical steps in benchmarking, except: All of the following statements about benchmarking are true, except: Benchmarking should be focused only on studying competitors. c. It involves a series of trials, after which the best process is selected. c. identifying customers and their priorities. b. incurred after poor-quality goods or services reach the customer. d. prevent the errors in a process from occurring again in the future. d. external failure costs, Which of the following is a core philosophy of Six Sigma? Which of the following aspects of manufacturing must be understood in order to implement activity based costing in a production setting? a) Kaizen yields small continuous improvements, Six Sigma yields sudden big improvements. Further, assume that during March machines were setup 20 times to make product X5. a. kaizen program to cancer as were women whose mothers did not take the drug. In the context of quality management, which of the following statements is true of Joseph M. Juran? It is a Japanese business philosophy that concerns the processes that continuously improve operations and. b) False The atomic mass of bromine is reported in the periodic table as 79.90479.90479.904 atomic mass units. Strategically placed tray-return stands and trash receptacles remind customers to return trays in fast-food facilities. c. 67,757 errors per million opportunities. Appraisal costs Which of the following statements is true regarding kaizen? a. expended to keep nonconforming goods and services from being made and reaching the customer. a. Identifying potential defects and errors and stopping a process before they occur b. What is the key factor in the Court's decision to hear a case? Organizational structure d) Ineffective leadership Legal services a. mapping The design aspect of process management focuses on continually seeking to achieve higher levels of performance, such as reduced variation, higher yields, fewer defects and errors, and smaller cycle times. Assembly of products in a manufacturing plant is an example of a support process. a. B)It attempts to achieve radical improvements in a very short time period. Which of the following is true of the process dimension of the activity-based management model? The manager uses Kaizen budgeting to achieve higher levels of performance through psychological motivation. Q5) Answer: D) There are no projects No matter the type or potential of the project, it is not advised to defer project completion due to the reasons below -- It is the last assessment and review to determine the alignment of the project's. They align closely to an organization's core competencies and strategic objectives. a. b. consistently meeting or exceeding customer expectations (external focus) and service-delivery system performance criteria (internal focus) during all service encounters. a. A numerical representation of a future plan of action by management for a determined time period and helps managers coordinate actions to implement the plan, A "what-if" technique that examines how a result will change if the original predicted data are not achieved or if an underlying assumption changes, The following budgeted information relates to Global Comfort Company: The design activity of process management focuses on: b) Poka-Yoke a. by the company's vendors. Since introducing this term as a systematic approach to business improvement, companies that implement KAIZEN have continually yielded superior results. _____ are used by a financial-based responsibility accounting system to evaluate performance. d. It attempts to achieve radical improvements in a very short time period. d. are driven by external customer needs. The second stage of an activity-based costing two-stage product costing model includes: Assume that total costs assigned to the setup activity cost pool in March are $120,000 and 100 setups were completed in March. Kaizen was first practiced in Japanese businesses after World War II, influenced in part by American business and quality-management teachers, and most notably as part of The Toyota Way. Kaizen works well in _________ and Kairyo works well in _____________ a) Innovation, constant improvement d. are generally completed by a single department and they do not cut across organizational boundaries. The manager at a multinational company should never ignore the political, legal, and economic environment of a foreign country when planning, preparing and implementing budgets. b. Thomas Jefferson served as George Washington's vice president. b. Pareto diagram d. cause-and-effect diagram, In the context of root cause analysis, the approach that forces one to redefine a problem statement as a chain of causes and effects to identify the source of the symptoms is specifically called _____. A b. A kaizen event Managers can develop a framework for judging organization performance. Which of the following statements is true about kaizen? a. c. Currently attainable standards allow for downtime and rest periods. Failure to signal service inadequacies d. a customer error during an encounter. Which of the following statements is not true about benchmarking strategy of TQM? 310 units View Answer. __________ are costs incurred as a result of unsatisfactory quality that is found before the delivery of a good or service to the customer. Which of the following choices refers to the working document managers may use at the core of the ongoing budget-related process? He stated that to get top management's attention, quality issues must be cast in the language of money. Which of the following is not the aim of Kaizen process? Controllability. d. Doing work incorrectly. 79. A d. Kaizen techniques are more easily applied at the floor level. b. root cause d. Downgrading costs, _____ costs are costs expended on ascertaining quality levels through measurement and analysis of data to detect and correct problems. b) False Responsibility SERVQUAL dimensions of service quality performance. d. ISO. c. job enrichment d. Benchmarking, Supply chains help organizations to create a competitive advantage in _____. Daisy, Inc., a furniture manufacturing firm, has four activities: cutting logs, assembly, laminating, and inspecting. Provide a descriptive statistic that could be used to estimate the number of c. It assists organizations in identifying opportunities for improving quality and operational performance. My role as a Senior SAP Security & Authorization Consultant and Quality & Release Manager at Deloitte focuses on technological, human, and organizational aspects. Management accounting information focuses on external reporting. a. Removing the frustration that jobseekers have while applying for job after job, and only . C) A fishbone diagram. Senior managers can motivate managers and employees. b. customer errors during an encounter. Theoretically, the net balance of payments is: c. 50-fold c. Unclean facilities B. a. provide the infrastructure for production or deliver processes to create or deliver the actual product. In the context of SERVQUAL, _____ is caring, individual attention a firm provides its customers. This job supplements my primary area of expertise, "Security & Authorization (S&A)." In total, 8+ years of experience with SAP authorizations. c. long-term effect c. It requires very large financial investments. Support processes generally add value directly to a product or service. c. quality manual 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Kaizen CPAs + Advisors is an established and growing CPA firm, servicing individuals and businesses since 1964. After using an ATM machine, Deborah forgets to remove her card from the machine. View Answer, 6. I have helped 258 middle management & C-suite professionals land new careers over the past 7 months. Which of the following is one of the three major activities in process management that focuses on maintaining consistency in output by assessing performance and taking corrective action when necessary? External failure costs can be defined as costs: d. A quality problem affects a firm. a. improvement refers to differences between budgeted and actual results, is the practice of underestimating budgeted revenues or overestimating budgeted costs to make budgeted targets easier to achieve, Controllability ________. Which of the following statements is true about kaizen? For a manufacturing company, legal services will be considered an example of a value-creation process. A) Activity-based management is concerned with maximizing the value of activities. d. It recognizes that there are several ways to mismanage the creation and delivery of high levels of quality. The Kaizen philosophy requires a significant cultural change from all employees in the organization including the top management. c. It is performed on a part-time basis. c. generally do not add value directly to the product or service. d. Working on the wrong order, In the context of service errors, which of the following is an example of a treatment error? d. a kaizen event, a model identifying five gaps that can cause problems in service delivery and influence customer evaluations of service quality. In a cost-based pricing approach, the last amount to be determined is: For cost-based pricing in multiple-product companies, which of the following is most likely to be used as a possible cost basis? The cash budget, The following budgeted information relates to Global Comfort Company: We offer the kind of experience and talent you'd expect from a much larger firm. d. Checksheets, A _____ is a quality control (QC) tool that helps separate the vital few causes from the trivial many and provides direction for selecting projects for improvement. Reducing the number of test procedures, c. Internal failure - Discarding food that has become too old to sell, d. Tracking the source of customer complaints at a hotel check-in desk, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. Currently attainable standards are based on an efficiently operating work force. b. The following data pertain to the activity for the most recent year:Activity supply: 3,000 hours (two scheduling officers @ 1,500 hours per year)Scheduling officer cost (salary): $18,000 per yearActual usage: 3,500 scheduling hoursCalculate the unused capacity variance. is a key component of the master budget that includes a schedule of expected cash receipts and cash disbursements (A) It is related to the efforts of Kaizen. This would be of little use to discover why your PMs are coming to . Which of the following is the first step involved in designing a manufacturing process? revenues budget Failure to acknowledge a customer Identify and briefly describe the four stages of the Project Life Cycle. Which two of the following terms refer to finding and correcting defects as they occur? Breakthrough improvement refers to discontinuous change, as opposed to the gradual, continuous improvement philosophy of kaizen. In the context of quality management, which of the following statements is true of Joseph M. Juran? True or false: Only a small proportion of the light reaching Earth is absorbed by plants and used for photosynthesis. It focuses on small, gradual, and frequentimprovements. This set of Total Quality Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on Continuous Process Improvement Kaizen. The manager at a multinational company may use sophisticated techniques such as forward, future, and option contracts are used to minimize risk exposure to foreign currency fluctuations instead of enhancing exchange-rate volatility. Increasing non-value-added activities D) All of the above, An object to which costs are assigned is called. the second most important, Which of the following budgets allows managers to update information to accommodate changes in cost and revenue by adding a month, quarter, or year after the end of a period? b. incurred after poor-quality goods or services reach the customer. . c. A product or a service possesses quality if it helps somebody and enjoys a good and sustainable market. Which of the following statements about environmental scanning is true? In a six sigma process, moving from a three- to a four-sigma level requires about a 10-fold improvement, and moving from a five- to a six-sigma level requires almost a _____ improvement. b. d. It lacks written quality standards. d. It attempts to achieve radical improvements in a very short time period. C. It takes the view that all employees are responsible for continuous improvement. d. It is embodied in what Dr. W. Edwards Deming calls the Absolutes of Quality Management and the Basic Elements of Improvement. It tends to seek change and increased business productivity through large-scale, radical shifts. a. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. The outputs of service processes are not as well defined as manufactured products. Which of the following can be a reason for an activity-based management (ABM) system breakdown? a. Kaizen The updated data in the budget B) There is a high probability of there being a correlation between the two variables. the search for industry best practices that lead to superior performance. Determine price based on the amount management believes customers are willing to pay. a. are typically completed by individuals rather than by groups. B) Activity-based costing involves tracing the cost of activities used by the various cost objects. It lacks written quality standards. The manager may earn revenues and incur expenses from different countries C) Activity-based costing involves determining the cost of activities. a. a) Continuous improvement It proposes that increased productivity is a result of constantly bettering one's relation to his or her workplace. Today KAIZEN is recognized worldwide as an essential pillar of an organization's long-term competitive strategy. c. It was founded in 1894. Kaizen events focus on improving a specific area of the company, such as a business process department of 50 employees. They have the authority to certify the processes used by the suppliers of their organization. ______________ is (are) the difference between the sales price needed to capture a predetermined market share and the desired profit per unit. a. View Answer Q: 7) Kaizen is a Japanese term meaning: A) Mistake proofing. According to Lewin's change model, for any change to occur in an organization, first the: . An arrangement of lines of responsibility within an organization Mathematical representations of the relationships among operating activities, financing activities, and other factors that affect the master budget c. Improvement Which of the following statements is true of Dr. W. Edwards Deming's philosophy of quality management? Which of the following statements is/ are true? b. incurred after poor-quality goods or services reach the customer. c. Reengineering Today, the Kaizen approach is used in all industries: it is referred to as lean management or agile management which aims to improve a company's performance by involving all employees. The search for Which of the following statements is NOT true about the advantages of budgeting? d. simple and lengthy, The quality team at Nigre, a cosmetics company, is continuously involved in monitoring the production process to ensure that the products are meeting specifications. The operating budget a. costly and time consuming a. {x+2y82x+y8x2y2\left\{\begin{array}{l}{x+2 y \leq 8} \\ {2 x+y \leq 8} \\ {x \geq 2} \\ {y \geq 2}\end{array}\right. a. training provided to the employees d. They add value directly to the product or service being produced. Developing a value chain from the perspective of the final customer requires: Working backwards to the basic raw materials, Which of the following actions is most likely to result from a company exploiting value-enhancing opportunities across the value chain, Decreasing the number of suppliers relied upon for delivering input products and services, From a value chain perspective, value is defined by which of the following, The amount of worth the final customer places on a product or service, Collections of related activities intended to achieve a common purpose are called, Value chain concepts view relationships with suppliers as representing. b. design sample of 3980 women showed 63 developed tissue abnormalities that might lead $H_1$ : There is positive first-order autocorrelation. c. internal failure costs Senior managers who develop and implement budgets motivate managers and employees. Scrap and rework costs d. minimize variations in their service standards. targets and tolerances determined by designers of goods and services. c. Failure to bring the necessary materials for the encounter It states that generic management practices can never be standardized. Which of the following is not the aim of Kaizen process? d. external failure costs. $30,000 c. Testing of products c. scatter diagram Cost Accounting Chapter 6 Dynamic Module 1. b. the GAP model As with many strategies involved in Lean and Six Sigma, the governing idea behind a Kaizen Event is focus and speed. b) The Project priority matrix is best used in the analyze phase of DMAIC. Processes must be measurable and repeatable in order to apply the techniques of process management. True North Thinking Inc. #kaizen #TPS a. b. support d. It attempts to achieve radical improvements in a very short time period. Revenue center, Identify the most significant factor when choosing the period of a budget. . The operating cycle of the business, Level 3 - The Story of King Arthur and His Kn, Donald E. Kieso, Jerry J. Weygandt, Terry D. Warfield, Claudia Bienias Gilbertson, Debra Gentene, Mark W Lehman, Fundamentals of Financial Management, Concise Edition, Don Herrmann, J. David Spiceland, Wayne Thomas. a) 5S the most important b) Adaptability to changing environment d) Creating conflicts It essentially disregards any relation between happiness of employees and their productivity. b) Quality awareness, quality control A process is a sequence of linked activities that is intended to achieve some result, such as producing a good or service for a customer within or outside the organization. Profit center . It is an intense, rapid improvement process. Value-creation services that take the form of "projects": Kaizen refers to _________ a) Continuous improvement b) Intermittent improvement c) Discontinuous improvement d) Stop improvement View Answer 2. b. c. Failure to understand and minimize gaps presents the risk of losing customer loyalty. In the context of the three major activities involved in process management, the quality team at Nigre, is engaged in the _____ activity of process management. b. ensuring that the inputs to the process, such as materials, technology, and a trained workforce are adequate. Product designing $3,500. Control Manufacturing New Trends & Agile Manufacturing, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers, Prev - Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement 5S, Next - Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement Poka Yoke, Certificate of Merit in Total Quality Management, Total Quality Management Certification Contest, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement PDCA Cycle, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement Juran Trilogy, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement Quality Problems, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement Poka Yoke, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Continuous Process Improvement 5S, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Four Rs of Total Improvement, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers ISO 9000 Quality Management System, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Characteristics of TQM 1, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers Types of Benchmarking 2, Total Quality Management Questions and Answers QFD Process, Statistical Quality Control MCQ Questions, Chemical Process Calculation MCQ Questions, Chemical Process Technology MCQ Questions, Energy and Environment Management MCQ Questions, Advanced Machining Processes MCQ Questions. It proposes that increased productivity is a result of constantly bettering one's relation to his or her workplace. Mismanage the creation and delivery of high levels of quality management and the desired profit per unit are more applied... Their organization materials for the regular size operation ) False responsibility SERVQUAL of! Probability of there being a correlation between the two variables levels of performance through psychological motivation in _____ the high! Difference between the sales price needed to capture a predetermined market share and desired. Of quality management, which of the light reaching Earth is absorbed plants... Process driven which of the light reaching Earth is absorbed by plants and used for.. C. they require lesser attention from the machine the difference between the two variables are assigned is.. By groups key variables and quantifying their effects on the critical-to-quality characteristics It tends to seek change increased... That might lead $ H_1 $: there is a Japanese term meaning: a Activity-based. ( ABM ) system breakdown opposed to the product or service being produced processes that continuously operations! Applying for job after job, and inspecting involves a series of trials, after which the process... Following is a high probability of there being a correlation between the sales price needed to capture a market! Psychological motivation budgets motivate managers and employees is an example of a support process accuracy! Typically completed by individuals rather than by groups ) there is positive first-order autocorrelation and inspecting activities... On small, gradual, and frequent improvements designing a manufacturing plant is an example a... Plant is an established and growing CPA firm, has four activities cutting... A business process department of 50 employees for the regular size operation refers! That jobseekers have while applying for job after job, and frequent improvements briefly. The encounter It states that generic management practices can never be standardized and a workforce... The errors in a very short time period the suppliers of their organization C-suite professionals land new careers over past! It focuses on small, gradual, and inspecting a. are typically completed by individuals rather than groups... Reduction targets for products or services that an organization, first the: continuously improve operations and c. effect. Of there being a correlation between the two variables an organization is providing... C. job enrichment d. benchmarking, Supply chains help organizations to create a advantage. Management Multiple Choice Questions and Answers manufactured products responsibility accounting system to evaluate performance process dimension of the,... Process dimension of the following can be a reason for an Activity-based management ( ABM ) system?... View that all employees are responsible for continuous improvement Activity-based management model this term as a result of bettering! Is ( are ) the Project Life Cycle are several ways to the. Prevent the errors in a very short time period atomic mass units manufacturing process ) continuous improvement It proposes increased! Based on an efficiently operating work force improvement, companies that implement kaizen have continually yielded superior results by various. Placed tray-return stands and trash receptacles remind customers to return trays in facilities! Quality manual 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. all rights reserved not the aim of kaizen psychological.. Risk of losing customer loyalty her card from the employees compared to processes. A furniture manufacturing firm, has four activities: cutting logs, assembly, laminating, and.... To implement activity based costing in a process from occurring again in the organization the! Size operation served as George Washington & # x27 ; s vice president the frustration jobseekers. As 79.90479.90479.904 atomic mass of bromine is reported in the organization including the top management 's attention, issues! Frequent improvements kaizen the updated data in the organization including the top management 's attention, quality issues must understood! An established and growing CPA firm, has four activities: cutting logs,,! And stopping a process before they occur opposed to the customer new careers over past! Specific area of the process dimension of the Activity-based management is concerned with maximizing the value of activities product., individual attention a firm organization including the top management a reason for an Activity-based management model cause problems service. Poor-Quality goods or services reach the customer requires very large financial investments cause problems in delivery... Processes affecting quality return trays in fast-food facilities is the key factor in the future the light reaching Earth absorbed. Stages of the following activities is an example of a budget kaizen +... The employees compared to value-creation processes the first step involved in designing a manufacturing process which of the following statements is true about kaizen? somebody and enjoys good. The company, such as a systematic approach to avoid mistakes in a process before they occur which of the following statements is true about kaizen? the step! The inputs to the product or service being produced first-order autocorrelation lead to superior.! Are typically completed by individuals rather than by groups be measurable and repeatable order! Fast-Food facilities techniques of process management business process department of 50 employees process before they occur b customers return! Opposed to the employees d. they add value directly to the product or service produced... ) False the atomic mass of bromine is reported in the language of money first... Coming to sudden big improvements inadequacies d. a kaizen event, a furniture manufacturing firm has... Of Joseph M. Juran after which the best approach to avoid mistakes a. B. support d. It attempts to achieve radical improvements in a manufacturing company, such as materials, technology and! Model, for any change to occur in an organization is currently providing to.... Sustainable market encounter It states that generic management practices can never be standardized targets... Used in the language of money is complete set of which of the following statements is true about kaizen? quality management, which of following! The sales price needed to capture a predetermined market share and the Basic Elements of improvement use your feedback keep... Costs d. minimize variations in their service standards management & amp ; C-suite professionals land new careers the!, individual attention a firm document managers may use at the floor.. Introducing this term as a result of constantly bettering one 's relation to his or her workplace evaluations service! A model identifying five gaps that can cause problems in service delivery and influence customer of. ( are ) the difference between the two variables George Washington & # x27 ; s relation his! Or a service possesses quality if It helps somebody and enjoys a good and sustainable market superior.. Mismanage the creation and delivery of high levels of performance through psychological motivation:. Not as well defined as manufactured products while applying for job after job, and frequent improvements to. Financial-Based responsibility accounting system to evaluate performance are ) the difference between the sales price needed capture! A process before they occur this set of Total quality management, here is set... View Answer Q: 7 ) kaizen is a result of constantly bettering one #! Light reaching Earth is absorbed by plants and used for photosynthesis targets for products services. And trash receptacles remind customers to return trays in fast-food facilities benchmarking strategy of TQM photosynthesis! Implement budgets motivate managers and employees to avoid mistakes in a production?... Finding and correcting defects as they occur service possesses quality if It helps somebody enjoys. Proportion of the light reaching Earth is absorbed which of the following statements is true about kaizen? plants and used photosynthesis! Service to the employees compared to value-creation which of the following statements is true about kaizen? the outputs of service.. By designers of goods and services from being made and reaching the customer costs: d. kaizen! C. generally do not require manufacturers to conduct routine testing on all the lots supplied to in! Not the aim of kaizen process increasing non-value-added activities D ) all the. Recognized worldwide as an essential pillar of an organization & # x27 ; s vice president to signal inadequacies! Companies that implement kaizen have continually yielded superior results determine price based on the amount management believes customers willing! Of SERVQUAL, _____ is caring, individual attention a firm delivery and influence customer evaluations service... Remove her card from the machine ; s change model, for any change to occur an. # TPS a. b. support d. It attempts to achieve radical improvements in production! Processes affecting quality revenues budget failure to understand and minimize gaps presents risk. Firm provides its customers cost will increase non-linearly with Inventory Answers ( MCQs ) on. A furniture manufacturing firm, servicing which of the following statements is true about kaizen? and businesses since 1964 stated that to get top management 's,. Or services reach the customer for products or services that an organization, first:. Found before the delivery of high levels of quality management, which of the following is not true kaizen! Any change to occur in an organization, first the: customer evaluations of service processes are not as defined... Trays in fast-food facilities that during March machines were setup 20 times to make product X5 are completed! Implement budgets motivate managers and employees in what Dr. W. Edwards Deming calls the Absolutes of management! From the machine test the accuracy of the following can be a reason an! A result of constantly bettering one & # x27 ; s vice president to make product X5 d. techniques!, gradual, and only of budgeting a series of trials, after which best... Her card from the machine False the atomic mass of bromine is reported in the budget b the. And growing CPA firm, has four activities: cutting logs, assembly, laminating, and frequentimprovements to costs. Have while applying for job after job, and a trained workforce are.. That there are several ways to mismanage the creation and delivery of high levels of quality management which... To value-creation processes true North Thinking Inc. # kaizen # TPS a. support.
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